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课外英文杂志文章的阅读套路

英文老师总说《New York Times》《The Wall Street Journal》是他们的课外休闲读物，学霸们喜欢说他们从《Time》《National Geographic》学到很多，很炫很牛X！

而不少同学每次看了杂志里文章的标题和长度，就放弃了装逼这条路，但这次将通过讲《The Economist》告诉你，阅读是要有方法的，你不会读，你也就读不了。

教你如何把握全文（In search of lost time为例）：

1、标题

正标题“In search of lost time. Why is everyone so busy?” 这是一个关于lost time的问题

副标题“Time poverty is a problem partly of perception and partly of distribution.”

全篇文章着力于解释“时间不足”的两个原因， perception（感知）和distribution（分配）。

所以从标题我们获得了全文的最主要信息：

现象：Time poverty

从两个方面解释现象：perception and distribution

2、每段的中心句

中心句（Topic Sentence）是十分重要的。基本上大部分的文段中，中心句都会出现在每段的开头部分，但也有一些会在段末尾出现。

比如第一二段：

THE predictions sounded like promises: in the future, working hours would be short and vacations long. “Our grandchildren”, reckoned John Maynard Keynes in 1930, would work around “three hours a day”—and probably only by choice. Economic progress and technological advances had already shrunk working hours considerably by his day, and there was no reason to believe this trend would not continue. Whizzy cars and ever more time-saving tools and appliances guaranteed more speed and less drudgery in all parts of life. Social psychologists began to fret: whatever would people do with all their free time?

This has not turned out to be one of the world’s more pressing problems. Everybody, everywhere seems to be busy. In the corporate world, a “perennial time-scarcity problem” afflicts executives all over the globe, and the matter has only grown more acute in recent years, say analysts at McKinsey, a consultancy firm. These feelings are especially profound among working parents. As for all those time-saving gizmos, many people grumble that these bits of wizardry chew up far too much of their days, whether they are mouldering in traffic, navigating robotic voice-messaging systems or scything away at e-mail—sometimes all at once.

这样很长的阅读文章，一般开头第一段是一个引入，所以Topic Sentence出现在最后，提出一个疑问。

第二段，我们的Topic Sentence就出现在开头啦。This出现在段首，指代是上一段末尾，这里就是上一段提出的疑问。

这个中心句很有意思，有一定的难度，采用正话反说：“whatever would people do with all their free time？”不是一件很紧迫的问题（Pressing problem）。

但实际上如果你没看懂第一句话，那你看下一句话也对上一句做了解释。（虽然前面之前作者在炫技，但是他还是会考虑读者感受解释的）

除去中心句的部分就是细节了。所有的细节都是说为了说明“Everybody, everywhere seems to be busy.”，就不是阅读的重点了。

当然，这样的长篇阅读中不是每段话都有topic sentence的，有些段落只是衔接，或者继续罗列上一段的细节，这点在阅读中也要注意。但在考试中，由于文章比较短小，基本每一段都会出现自己的中心点。

所以，全篇的阅读就是需要找每段的中心句，理解这段的要点，新观点。长阅读，最好根据每段内容写下全篇的outline，这样阅读起来比较轻松，也比较能把握文章的思路。

3、抓住文章中的逻辑词

对逻辑词的熟悉是十分重要的，无论在听力里，还是阅读中，对逻辑词越敏感，对文章的解读就会更快。

Individualistic cultures,which emphasise achievement over affiliation, help cultivate this time-is-money mindset.因果逻辑

That economic prosperity would create feelings of time poverty looked a little odd in the 1960s, given all those new time-saving blenders and lawnmowers.But there is a distinct correlation between privilege and pressure.  

But是十分重要的转折逻辑词，你看它的出现，很明显段落开头的部分就不是该段的中心句了。

除此之外，还有表示并列的逻辑词，最简单的and，表示时间的逻辑词，这些在阅读中要特别注意。

4、逻辑段的精读

不是所有文段都是“中心句+细节”的结构。就像我们写作文一样，在一篇文章中我们总是尝试变换论证方法。

这些知名杂志的大牛作者的逻辑论证一般都十分的精彩，这样的部分就需要我们精读，去了解它的逻辑结构。

我们来看这一段：

The problem, then, is less how much time people have than how they see it. Ever since a clock was first used to synchronise labour in the 18th century, time has been understood in relation to money. Once hours are financially quantified, people worry more about wasting, saving or using them profitably. When economies grow and incomes rise, everyone’s time becomes more valuable. And the more valuable something becomes, the scarcer it seems.

Topic sentence很明显在第一句话。（less A than B 与其说是A不如说是B）

中心句之后就是一段很棒的逻辑论证，通过不同的新信息的产生，来说明“how they see Time”。

Ever since a clock was first used to synchronise labour in the 18th century, time has been understood in relation to money.出现新信息money，从时间联系到了钱。

Once hours are financially quantified, people worry more about wasting, saving or using them profitably. Financially quantified是money的同义改写，老信息；从钱又引申出了新信息profitably（有收益地）。

When economies grow and incomes rise, everyone’s time becomes more valuable. Profitably又引申出了valuable（有价值的）。

And the more valuable something becomes, the scarcer it seems. 从而提出了时间的是scarce（稀有的），来说明人们是怎么看待时间的。

这样的逻辑结构段的精读，可以使你对逻辑更敏感，在阅读中能越来越得心应手。同时，如果你能将这样的论证方法应用到写作上，可以使你的文章加分哦！

5、猜词

在阅读的过程中，猜词是特别重要的。长阅读生词很多，掌握所有单词的意思显然是不可能的，这就需要我们根据整篇文章的逻辑和结构来进行猜词。

我们来举个栗子吧：

The explosion of available goods has only made time feel more crunched, as the struggle to choose what to buy or watch or eat or do raises the opportunity cost of leisure (ie, choosing one thing comes at the expense of choosing another) and contributes to feelings of stress.

根据全文的中心和逻辑，这样你就可以肯定的知道，这里肯定是说时间少，就算不知道crunch是压碎的意思，你也知道这个中心句肯定是要说时间少了！

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